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At several places in Sweden there is a continuous oil-spill into ponds and lakes from engine sheds. During 1969–1971 new methods and materials were tested in order to reconstruct oil-contaminated water and sediment. Thus the bottom of a lake was harrowed with compressed air and the oil brought to the water surface where it was adsorbed. A new type of adsorption material, adsorbent blower, booms, incinerators and technique were designed. The result of the reconstruction was the following: In February 1972, 600 tons of diesel oil was spilled in a river in the northern part of Sweden. Downstream from the spill is a system of hydroelectric power stations, fisheries and freshwater-intakes. Thus there was a real chance to destroy domestic water. The mean temperature during January and February was between −25°C to −35°C and the river was partly frozen. Materials and methods were thus tested during hard conditions. The restoration was divided into using standard methods and developing new methods and materials. Thus:a pontoon bridge was built across the riverfrom the bridge adsorption material, Saneringsull, was blown out over the floating oiloil-contaminated ice and snow was burned together with Saneringsullthe adsorbed oil was allowed to be frozen in the icethe ice containing oil and adsorption materials was lifted to an ice-tip, later on the ice was meltedoil on free water surface was adsorbed. The adsorption material was spread from aircraft and boatslater on the adsorption material was transported to the shore and burned in incineratorsin order to protect the downstream area three types of booms were designed, no conventional boom could ever be usedevery week water-samples were taken and analysedtestfishing was performed in May 1972. Summary: The amount of oil one mile downstream from the last boom was never higher than 1 PPM and the fish did not contain any phenols or oils. The oil content of the surface water in the spill area and 5 miles downstream was, after the clean up job, at about 3 PPM which is normal for rivers during the timber-floating period. Total Cost: about $170,000 including the innovation and tests.

Two Types of Oil Spills in Swedish Inland Waters — Tests of New Materials, Ideas and Methods