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The Jungfrau-Aletsch-Bietschhorn World Heritage Site (WHS) comprises mainly natural high-mountain landscapes. The High Alps and impressive natural landscapes are not the only feature making the region so attractive; its uniqueness also lies in the adjoining landscapes shaped by centuries of traditional agricultural use. Given the dramatic changes in the agricultural sector, the risk faced by cultural landscapes in the World Heritage Region is possibly greater than that faced by the natural landscape inside the perimeter of the WHS. Inclusion on the World Heritage List was therefore an opportunity to contribute not only to the preservation of the ‘natural’ WHS: the protected part of the natural landscape is understood as the centrepiece of a strategy to enhance sustainable development in the entire region, including cultural landscapes. Maintaining the right balance between preservation of the WHS and promotion of sustainable regional development constitutes a key challenge for management of the WHS. Local actors were heavily involved in the planning process in which the goals and objectives of the WHS were defined. This participatory process allowed examination of ongoing problems and current opportunities, even though present ecological standards were a ‘non-negotiable’ feature. Therefore the basic patterns of valuation of the landscape by the different actors could not be modified. Nevertheless, the process made it possible to jointly define the present situation and thus create a basis for legitimising future action. From this participatory process, a link between the concepts of ‘protected area’ and sustainable development in the region emerged.

Protection: A Means for Sustainable Development? The Case of the Jungfrau-Aletsch-Bietschhorn World Heritage Site in Switzerland