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Our clinical and experimental research results indicated the possibility that gut-derived endotoxin contributes to the development of alcoholic liver disease. Long-term ethanol consumption resulted in an enhanced secretory function of hepatic macrophage accompanied by an ultrastructural feature of activation. The liver of rats fed on ethanol-diet were found to have an enhanced ability to produce CINC-1 (rat IL-8) after endotoxin injection. This chemokine may contribute to neutrophil recruitment into the liver in alcoholic liver injury. Females exhibited a greater ability to produce CINC-1 than males, and this fact may account for the gender difference in susceptibility to alcohol-related liver disease.

A Pivotal Role of Activated Hepatic Macrophage in the Progression of Alcoholic Liver Disease