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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is considered to play an important role in survival, maintenance, development and repair of the peripheral neuron. In this study, the effect of human recombinant BDNF on sprouting and elongation of axons, the early phase of regeneration of nerve fibers, was morphometrically evaluated 7 days following the sciatic nerve transection and juxtaposition of proximal and distal stumps with suture in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the experimental group (test), 20 mg/kg of BDNF was injected subcutaneously every day for seven days in eight rats, starting 30 minutes after the transection. In the control group (control), phosphate buffered-saline alone was injected in nine rats as in the experimental group. The various morphometric parameters were evaluated in the sciatic nerve of each rat of the control and test, 3 mm distal to the site of the transection on light and electron microscopy of Epon-embedded sections. On both light and electron microscopy only a few myelinated fibers with a very thin myelin sheath were found only in one nerve in each of the control and test. However, significant numbers of unmyelinated axons were found in each nerve of the control and test. There were no statistically significant differences in the total fascicular area per nerve, the numbers of myelinated and unmyelinated axons per mm2 of fascicular area and per nerve, their maximum and median diameters and their size distribution histograms between control and test. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in the numbers of myelin ovoids per mm2 of the fascicular area and per nerve, their maximum and median diameters and their size distribution histograms between control and test. Therefore, we concluded that there was no definite evidence that BDNF promoted the sprouting and elongation of axons, the early phase of the regeneration of nerve fibers, at least under this experimental conditions.

The Effect of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on Elongation of Axons after Transection with Suture