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OVERVIEW In this chapter, we will provide a brief review of the attributes of the Shiga toxin (Stx) family with emphasis on the importance of these toxins in the pathogenesis of disease caused by E. coli O157: H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). We will also describe a modification of our streptomycin (str)-treated, orally-infected mouse model (23, 24) that permits the assessment of the relative virulence of various E. coli O157:H7 strains. In addition, we will illustrate how the type (s) of Stx produced by an E. coli strain is linked to virulence of that isolate when fed to str-treated mice. Lastly, we will underscore the role that activation of Stx2d by intestinal mucus plays in enhancing the pathogenicity of an infecting STEC strain that produces Stx2d.

Virulence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Orally-Infected Mice Correlates with the Type of Toxin Produced by the Infecting Strain