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A series of studies on experimental shigellosis in monkeys has been made by an oral administration method (Honjo et al., 1964; Ogawa et al., 1964, 1966; Takasaka et al., 1967; Honjo et al., 1967, 1968, 1969; Takasaka et al., 1969, 1970). This method, however, is more or less disadvantageous for quantitative analyses, since it is uncertain whether all the orally administered bacilli can reach the large intestine, the primary site of Shigella infection. Direct injection of a Shigella flexneri 2 a suspension into the cecal lumen proved useful to evoke clinical manifestation of dysentery even with a relatively small dose such as 107 or 105 bacilli, which could not elicit pronounced symptoms of dysentery by oral administration (Takasaka et al., 1968). This method, however, involves some difficulties not only in performing surgical operation on many monkeys at one time but also in explaining the obtained results that might be affected by the possible modification of susceptibility of the animals by the surgical operation. The method of infection with Shigella described in this paper may overcome such experimental difficulties and may give reliable results with relatively small number of animals. Thirty cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) from the Philippines, West Malaysia and Indonesia weighing 1.6-3.7 kg were quarantined and conditioned at our monkey facility for several weeks prior to use. They were confirmed to be free from natural Shigella infection during the conditioning period, however S, flexneri 2 a was isolated from a monkey and S. sonnei from another on the day of the administration. Following starvation for 24-48 hr, the animals were lightly anesthetized for 2030 min by intramuscular injection of Ketalar Ca derivative of cyclohexylamine, 2-(ochlorophenyl)-2-methylamino cyclohexanone hydrochloride, Park Davis-Sankyoj at a dose level of 10 mg/kg of body weight (Cho, Honjo and Imaizumi, 1969). Under the anesthetized condition, 10 ml of a saline suspension of S, flexneri 2 a strain 5503 (Honjo et al., 1964; Ogawa et al., 1966) was introduced slowly into the lumen of the descending colon, that is about 20-30 cm deep from the anus, through a rubber catheter of about 4 mm diameter attached to a 10-ml syringe containing the bacterial suspension. The suspension remaining in the catheter was washed with about 10 ml of sterile saline and introduced into the lumen with another syringe. After the challenge, the monkey was laid down on the floor of the cage. Some feed had been put in the cage beforehand so that the monkey could take it as soon

BACILLARY DYSENTERY IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION WITH SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 2A BY THE ANAL ROUTE