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The sera of all humans contain the isoagglutinins anti-A and anti-B, except when the corresponding agglutinogens are present in the red cells. Thus the sera of group O persons contain both anti-A and anti-B and the sera of group A persons anti-B alone. There are rare negative exceptions to this general principle, some of which are probably genetically determined (Race and Sanger, 1958). The factors determining the development of the isoagglutinins are not fully understood. The infant is born with its mother's agglutinins, but commences to form its own in the first few months of life (Yliruokanen, 1958). These •enatural•f isoagglutinins are not associated with isohaemolysins. Thomsen and Kettel (1929) determined the titres of the anti-A and anti-B agglutinins in the blood of Danish subjects and found that the anti-A titres were generally higher than the anti-B titres. The anti-A in group O sera was of higher titre than the anti-A in group B sera, but no difference was found with anti-B in group O and group A sera. Cutbush, Falconer and Mollison (1950) found that about 20% of 125 group O sera contained ƒ¿-haemolysins. These haemolysins arise following injection of human serum (Aubert, Boorman and Dodd, 1942), purified blood group specific substances from animal tissues (Witebsky, Klendshoj and McNeil, 1944) or from human sources (Loutit and Morgan, 1946), serum containing antitoxins and anti bodies against bacteria (Davidsohn, 1938), prophylactic bacterial vaccines (Cutbush et al., 1950) and in cases of heterospecific ABO pregnancies (Smith, 1945). Coombs and his.coworkers (Winstanley, Konugres and Coombs, 1957; Konugres and Coombs, 1958) have demonstrated that sera containing haemolysins agglutinate red cells from pigs with the A antigen and that the haemolysins, but not the •enatural•f anti-A agglutinins, are removed by absorption of the sera with such pig red cells. They postulate that the haemolysins and the •eimmune•f agglutinins may act on an antigen called Ap present in human red cells and in A pig red cells. The work to be reported in this paper had three objects. The first was to compare the titres of anti-A and anti-B in sera from group B and from group A

A STUDY OF THE ISO-AGGLUTININ TITRES IN THE SERA OF AUSTRALIAN SUBJECTS (WHITE)*