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With the news of the remarkable therapeutic effect of penicillin in England and America the Japanese Penicillin Research Committee was organized by many investigators in the fields of medicine, agriculture, botany and chemistry in February 1944. Since that time, as one cpf the members, we have set about penicillin study. By the cooperation of T. Yabuta, Prof, of the Division of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo Imperial University, K. Sakaguchi, Prof, of the other Laboratory of the same Division, T. Tamiya, Prof, of the Division of Hygieiie, T. Imp. Univ., and us four strains of penicillia, No. 176, No. 233, No. U-33 and No. H-9, which produce antibacterial substances, were isolated after the examination of many molds. Then we began to try to extract. the antibacterial substances from 176, 233 and U-33 strains. Since the culture liquid of H-9 was toxic for mice, studies oii this strain were abandoned for sometime. The antibacterial substance of these three strains were extracted with ether at pH 2 and then with phosphate buffer at pH 7, ns Raistrick and others(1) described about penleillin, and it was observed in September 1944 that this buffer solution was therapeutically active against pneumococcal infection of mice. Then by co-operation with Prof. Sumio 1Jmezawa, at the Industrial Ch.,mical Department of Keio Univdrsity, the active element was purified in October 1944, up to the yellow crystalline powder as its calcium salt which inhibited completely the growth of Stapliylococeus aureus (Terajima strain) at the dilution 1 : 3,200,000 and which showed chemical properties (the elemental analysis and the colour reactions) similar to the results reported by Catch, Cook and Heilbron.(2) This was the first successful purification work of penicillin in Japan. Details are as follows.

AN ANTIBACTERIAL SUBSTANCE FROM SEVERAL STRAINS OF PENICILLIA AND ITS PROBABLE IDENTITY WITH PENICILLIN