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Numerous strains of streptomyces, producing antibiotic substances in the ordinary nutrient agar and inhibiting the growth of the bacteria around their colonies, have been isolated from soil, and actinomycin A (1), streptothricin-group substances (2), and streptomycin (2) have been extracted in our laboratory. But the streptothricin-group substances were produced by so many kinds of streptomyces and their culture filtrate inhibited so strongly the growth of bacteria, that the isolation of new antibiotic substance inhibiting both gram positive and negative bacteria had been very difficult, until recently a simple method determining an antibiotic of streptothricin-group substance was, found (2). A streptothr-i cin-fast strain of bacteria becomes not only more resistant against the other streptothricin-group substances but also against streptomycin, and a streptomycin-fast strain is nearly as susceptible to the streptothricin-group substances as the normal culture. In our further search for a new antibiotic, it was found that there was an antibiotic inhibiting both the gram negative and positive bacteria, but different from streptomycin and streptothricin-group, for it could be extracted with ether or ethyl acetate , and neither th e streptomycin-fast strain nor the streptothricin -group-fast strain became more resistant to it.

ISOLATION OF A CRYSTALLINE ANTIBIOTIC SUBSTANCE FROM A STRAIN OF STREPTOMYCES AND ITS IDENTITY WITH CHLOROMYCETIN