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To assess the clinical characteristics of the rare Kluyvera ascorbata infection, we reviewed the medical records of patients from whom K. ascorbata was isolated from 2010 to 2016, and conducted a systematic review of the English and Spanish literature in PubMed for reports of K. ascorbata infection in humans from 1971 to 2018. A total of 43 cases (24 adults and 19 children) were enrolled: 3 at our hospital and 40 from the literature review. The urinary tract was the most common site of infection (44.2%, 19/43), followed by the bloodstream (27.9%, 12/43). There was no significant difference in the frequency of urinary tract infections (50% vs 36.8%; P = 0.388) and bloodstream infections (25% vs 31.6%; P = 0.633) in adults and children. Seventeen (60.7%, present in 28 of 43 cases) had nosocomial or healthcare-associated infections: 72.7% among children and 60% among adults. Superinfection developed in 20% (6 in 30 cases). The overall mortality was 12.1%. The antimicrobial agents mainly used in these 43 cases were third-generation cephalosporin, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and carbapenem. Most strains were resistant to ampicillin and first- and second-generation cephalosporins. K. ascorbata is a rare but significant clinical pathogen in adults and children.

<i>Kluyvera ascorbata</i> as a Pathogen in Adults and Children: Clinical Features and Antibiotic Susceptibilities in a Single Center Study