English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Human coronavirus (HCoV) is a member of the respiratory viruses that includes HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV (1). Recently, new types of HCoVs, such as NL63 and HKU-1, have also been described (1). Historically, HCoV research has been hampered by poor growth and lack of cytopathic effect in cell culture (1). The development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology had allowed the field of coronavirol-ogy to develop widely and rapidly (1). However, according to the Infectious Agents Surveillance Report, only 54 and 59 HCoV-positive cases, including 18 cases from Niigata, were reported in Japan in 2010 and 2011, respectively (2). Although we have succeeded in isolating HCoV-229E viruses from children with nasopharyngitis using CaCo-2 cells in March 2008 and April 2010, we failed to isolate any further HCoVs thereafter (3). We therefore used reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) methods in a screening analysis for HCoV in order to clarify the epidemiology of this virus in Niigata, Japan. nasal swab specimens were collected from patients with upper or lower acute respiratory infections at pediatric clinics working in collaboration with the Niigata Prefec-tural Health authorities as part of the national surveillance of viral diseases in Japan. Specimens were transported to the Virology Section of the Niigata Prefec-tural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences for virus isolation. We were able to isolatetigated the presence of HCoV in the 131 specimens from which no other respiratory virus was isolated. Viral nucleic acid was extracted from the specimens using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Ger-mantown, Md., USA), suspended in AVE buffer, and applied to RT reactions using a PrimeScript TM RT Re-agent Kit (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then, we screened for the amplification of 4 HCoVs (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, NL63, and HKU-1) by performing multiplex PCR using outer sense and antisense primers and by heminested PCR, using inner sense and outer antisense primers, as a previously reported method (4) with some modifications. Direct sequencing was used to determine the nucleic acid sequence of the 443-bp and 328-bp PCR products for identifying HCoV-OC43 and NL63, respectively. When the screening identified a HCoV-positive sample, we also amplified a portion of the spike glycoprotein region by performing PCR using our original primers to construct a phylogenetic tree. We pre

Detection of Human Coronavirus NL63 and OC43 in Children with Acute Respiratory Infections in Niigata, Japan, between 2010 and 2011