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Objectives: To assess whether clinical input during calls to the NHS 111 telephone-based advice service is associated with lower rates of subsequent emergency department attendance and hospital admission. Design: Although NHS 111 largely employs non-clinical call handling staff to triage calls using computerised clinical decision support software, some support is available from clinical supervisors, and additionally some calls are referred to out-of-hours General Practitioners (GP). We used linked data sets to examine GP and secondary care activity following calls to NHS 111, adjusting for the patient characteristics, signs and symptoms recorded during the NHS 111 call.Setting: Out-of-hours care in three areas of North West London that have an integrated approach to delivering NHS 111 and out-of-hours GP care. Participants: NHS 111 calls for children and young people aged 15 years or under. We excluded calls that were diverted to the emergency (999) service or where patients were advised to go to an emergency department. This left callers who were either referred to a GP or advised to manage their health needs at home.Primary and secondary outcome measures: The percentage of callers attending any emergency departments, major emergency department, or minor injury unit within ten hours of the NHS 111 call, and the percentage admitted to hospital following visits to emergency departments.Results: Of the 10,356 callers, 2,898 (28.0%) were advised by NHS 111 to manage their health needs at home, with an appointment with an out-of-hours GP made for the remaining 7,458 (72.0%). 14.9% (432/2,898) of the callers who were advised by NHS 111 to manage their health needs at home attended an emergency department with ten hours, compared with 16% (1,207/7,458) of callers who had an out-of-hours appointment with an out-of-hours GP. After adjusting for patient characteristics, GP out-of-hours appointment was associated with lower rates of emergency department attendance (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86, 95% CI, 0.75- 0.99),). When we subset emergency department types, a GP out-of-hours appointment was associated with lower rates of minor injury unit attendance (adjusted odds ratio, 0.32, 95% CI, 0.23 - 0.44) but not major emergency department attendance (adjusted odds ratio 1.06, 95% CI 0.90-1.24). There was no association with hospital admission.  Review by an NHS 111 clinical supervisor was associated with fewer emergency department attendances (adjusted OR 0.77, 95% CI, 0.62-0.97).Conclusions: Clinical input during or following out-of-hours calls to NHS 111 was associated with lower rates of emergency department utilisation for children and young people, though the reduction may be concentrated in lower intensity care settings. Thus, there may be potential to reduce the use of emergency care by providing access to clinical advice or out-of-hour services in other settings through the NHS 111 telephone service.

Predictors of emergency department attendance following NHS 111 calls for children and young people: analysis of linked data