English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

International Journal of Anatomy, Radiology and Surgery. 2019 Oct, Vol-8(4): AO01-AO04 IntrOductIOn The Hypoglossal Canal (HC) (anterior condylar canal) is situated above the occipital condyle and lies a little above and antero-lateral to foramina magnum. It transmits hypoglossal nerve, meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery and an emissary vein that links the basilar venous plexus internally to the internal jugular vein externally [1]. Persistent hypoglossal artery is one of the causes for intracanalicular enlargement of HC that also passes through this canal if present [2]. Number of researchers from all over the world has studied various non-metric cranial variants which showed considerable racial, regional and sexual differences which have a basic genetic control. Double HC was one of the important nonmetric cranial variants studied by Berry [3,4]. Language is regarded as a prerequisite for deliberative thought and action, self-awareness, or even simple sentences which distinguishes humans from other animals. Kay RF et al., and DeGusta D et al., hypothesized that the size of the HC has been associated with the evolution of language and used to date the beginning of human speech to at least 400,000 years back [5,6]. The comprehensive knowledge of the morphometry of HC and its variations provide important benefits in determining safer zones during surgical procedures at cranial base and intracranial lesions via transcondylar, supracondylar and lateral condylar approaches [7-10]. The present study was done with an aim to evaluate the morphological and morphometric analysis of HC and its variations in dry human skull.

Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of Hypoglossal Canal and its Variations in Human Dry Skulls of North Karnataka Region