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The manifestations of hypoxic and ischemic injury to the brain in a developing foetus in utero or during the birth process consist of a pattern of abnormal neurological signs occurring in sequence over a period of the first few days of life. This is known as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) [1]. HIE occurs in about 25% infants following severe birth asphyxia [2]. A clinical staging system has been described in the Sarnat staging system [3] [Table/Fig-1]. A clinical diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy automatically initiates a search for the anatomical location and extent of the brain lesions and a follow up of their progress over the next few weeks. This helps the clinician to formulate a line of management for the affected neonate and form some idea of the short and long term prognosis for the affected child.

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Neonatal Brain in Cases of Birth Asphyxia