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Abstract This study conducted Trapdoor tests with actual tunnel shape, investigated the mechanical behavior of ground and loosening load on tunnels, and evaluated the mechanism of progressive failure by numerical simulation. The loosening load sharply decreased initially, but it generally increased and reached the stabilized level exhibiting the arching effect, and loose sand showed relatively higher values than those of dense sand. The shear band started from the tunnel shoulder with 63⁰ (loose sand) to 69⁰ (dense sand), and gently curved inward to the ground surface. The widths of shear band formation above the tunnel showed a range from 1.8b to 1.9b (b=Tunnel width), which are similar to those values calculated from existing formular. The vertical height of this shear band for deep tunnel was turned out to be a bit lower than that from existing studies (3.0*Tunnel Height).          Trapdoor      ,         .  Trapdoor                 ,          .        63⁰()  69⁰()          .     1.83b1.92b(b )        ,      1.52.0    ( 3.0)     .

Ground Behavior around Tunnel Using Tunnel-shaped Trapdoor Model Test