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In this study, a novel method is proposed for retrieving relative surface temperature from single-channel middle infra-red (MIR, 3-5 mm) remotely sensed data. In order to retrieve absolute temperature from MIR data, it is necessary to accommodate at least atmospheric effects, surface emissivity and reflected solar radiance. Instead of retrieving kinematic temperature of each target, we propose an alternative to retrieve the relative temperature between two targets. The core idea is to minimize atmospheric effects by assuming that the differential at-sensor radiance between two targets experiences the same atmospheric effects. To reduce effective simplify atmospheric parameters, each atmospheric parameter was examined by MODTRAN and MIR emissivity derived from ASTER spectral libraries. Simulation results provided a required accuracy of 2 K for materials with a temperature of 300 K within 0.1 emissivity errors. The algorithm was tested using MODIS band 23 MIR day time images for validation. The accuracy of retrieved relative temperature was 0.485±1.552 K. The results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm was able to produce relative temperature with a required accuracy from only single-channel radiance data. However, this method has limitations when applied to materials having very low temperatures using day time MIR images.

Retrieval of Relative Surface Temperature from Single-channel Middle-infrared (MIR) Images