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Oxybenzone, octyl salicylate, and octinoxate are compounds used in a variety of products as a protection against exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Concerns have emerged regarding their environmental safety as previous studies have shown that they tend to bioaccumulate and act as potential xenoestrogens in aquatic organisms. To our knowledge no studies have investigated their impact on tropical reef-associated species. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the estrogenic effects of these three compounds on the abundant, reef-associated sergeant major damselfish, Abudefduf saxatilis. As no genomic information of A. saxatilis was available, the first part of the study was to isolate and to sequence the vitellogenin (VTG) and beta-actin genes. In the second part, the potential estrogenicity of the three compounds in juvenile fish (<5 cm) was studied using gene expression and protein synthesis analyses to evaluate the induction of VTG. Fish were exposed to doses of 5, 25, and 50 µg per gram of oxybenzone, octyl salicylate, octinoxate, and to a mixture of them in a similar proportion to the one used in commercial personal care products. An increment in alkali-labile phosphate was observed in all treatments, but it was only statistically significant in the positive control (17 beta-estradiol). Relative gene expression was only statistically augmented in the positive control.   La oxibenzona, el octil salicilato y el octinoxato son compuestos empleados en una gran variedad de productos como proteccion contra la exposicion a la radiacion ultravioleta. En los ultimos anos ha aumentado la preocupacion en cuanto a su seguridad ambiental, ya que estudios han demostrado que tienden a bioacumularse y actuar como xenoendocrinos en organismos acuaticos. A la fecha, no se han realizado estudios sobre su impacto en especies asociadas a arrecifes tropicales. Por ello, el presente trabajo investiga los efectos estrogenicos de tres filtros ultravioleta en el pez sargento, Abudefduf saxatilis. Dada la falta de informacion genomica disponible para A. saxatilis, una primera parte del estudio consistio en aislar y secuenciar los genes de la vitelogenina (VTG) y beta-actina. En una segunda etapa, se estudiaron los efectos estrogenicos de estos tres compuestos evaluando la induccion de la expresion genetica y de la sintesis de la VTG en organismos juveniles (<5 cm). Los peces se inyectaron intraperitonealmente con dosis de 5, 25 y 50 µg por gramo peso humedo de oxibenzona, octil salicilato, octinoxato y una mezcla de ellos en proporciones similares a las empleadas en las lociones comerciales. Aunque se observo un aumento en la produccion de fosforo labil al alcali en todas las muestras tratadas con los filtros UV, el incremento solo fue estadisticamente significativo en el control positivo (17 beta-estradiol). El incremento en la expresion relativa del gen fue tambien estadisticamente significativo unicamente en el control positivo.

Evaluation of the estrogenic effects of UV filters on the sergeant major damselfish, Abudefduf saxatilis