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The incidental capture of sea turtles by industrial shrimp trawlers off eastern Venezuela is documented, based on data gathered by on-board observers from February 1991 through November 2000. A total of 275 trips were made, with a total of 55,992 h of trawling using either one or two normal nets of 20-m headrope length, equivalent to 59,744 h std. net–1 of 30.5 m upper rope length. In total, 63 turtles were captured: 20 Eretmochelys imbricata, 20 Chelonia mydas, 15 Caretta caretta, and 8 Dermochelys coriacea. All these species showed a wide distribution along the central Caribbean Sea and Atlantic coasts of Venezuela, but they were always caught in areas close to shore and not deeper than 82 m; the distribution of D. coriacea was more concentrated towards the Atlantic zone. The estimated CPUE for all four species, using non-standardized effort values, was 0.0011 ± 0.0003 turtles h–1 std. net, equivalent to one turtle per 930 ± 11 h std. net. The variation in captures throughout the year was not significant (chi-square = 1.29; P = 0.73), except for D. coriacea, which was only caught between January and May. No significant difference was observed between the capture of turtles during the day or night. Direct mortality ratio reached 19 ± 9.7%; the actual ratio of mortality caused by incidental capture is not known. Most individuals caught by Venezuelan trawlers were juveniles that most probably use the area as feeding grounds. Considering an average effort by the fleet of 310,000 ± 16,500 h std. net yr–1, an estimate of turtle capture before the use of turtle excluder devices was made mandatory in 1994 would be about 330 ± 4 ind yr–1, with an associated direct mortality of 63 ± 30 turtles. This capture rate would be the lowest among the countries where similar evaluations have been performed (Australia, Colombia, Costa Rica, and USA). Key words: size structure, CPUE, distribution, Caribbean Sea.   La captura incidental de tortugas marinas por parte de la flota industrial de arrastre camaronera en el noreste de Venezuela se documenta, basada en datos recogidos por observadores a bordo desde febrero de 1991 hasta noviembre de 2000. Se realizaron 275 viajes, que totalizaron 55,992 h de arrastre, ya fuera con una o dos redes de 20 m de relinga superior, lo cual equivale a 59,744 h red estd.–1 de 30.5 m de longitud de relinga superior. En total se capturaron 63 tortugas: 20 Eretmochelys imbricata, 20 Chelonia mydas, 15 Caretta caretta y 8 Dermochelys coriacea. Todas las especies mostraron una distribucion amplia entre la costa central del Mar Caribe y la costa Atlantica de Venezuela, pero siempre fueron capturadas en areas cercanas a la costa y no mas profundas de 82 m; D. coriacea tuvo una distribucion mas concentrada hacia la region Atlantica del pais. La CPUE estimada para las cuatro especies, utilizando valores no estandarizados de esfuerzo, fue 0.0011 ± 0.0003 tortugas h–1 red estd., lo que seria equivalente a una tortuga por cada 930 ± 11 h de arrastre con red estandar. La variacion en las capturas a lo largo del ano no fue significativa (chi cuadrada = 1.29; P = 0.73), excepto para D. coriacea, la cual solamente fue capturada entre enero y mayo. No se observo diferencia significativa en la captura de tortugas de dia o de noche. La razon de mortalidad directa alcanzo 19 ± 9.7%, desconociendose la razon real de mortalidad causada por las capturas incidentales. La mayoria de los ejemplares capturados por arrastreros venezolanos fueron juveniles que probablemente usan el area como sitio de alimentacion. Considerando un esfuerzo total promedio por la flota de 310,000 h ± 16,500 red estd. ano–1, un estimado de la captura general de tortugas, antes de que el uso del dispositivo excluidor de tortugas de las redes se hiciera obligatorio en 1994, seria 330 ± 4 individuos por ano, con una mortalidad directa asociada de 63 ± 30 tortugas. Esta tasa de captura seria la mas baja entre los paises donde se han efectuado evaluaciones similares (Australia, Colombia, Costa Rica y EUA).

Incidental capture and mortality of sea turtles in the industrial shrimp trawling fishery of northeastern Venezuela