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A survey was conducted to determine the atmospheric input of particulate iron (Fep) and the factors and processes controlling the concentration and distribution of dissolved iron (Fed) in surface water (200 m) of the central Gulf of California. Atmospheric fluxes of Fep (7.0–90.4 μmol m–2 d–1) were of the same order of magnitude as those reported for the Red Sea (1.5–116 μmol m–2 d–1) and the northeastern Pacific Ocean (24 μmol m–2 d–1), but higher than the fluxes registered for the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (0.25–0.49 μmol m–2 d–1). According to the Fed concentration in surface water, three different zones were identified in the study area: a northern zone with Fed surface enrichment (5.57–7.21 nM) due to atmospheric input, a central zone with dilution of the Fed-enriched surface water by enhanced vertical mixing (0.07–0.59 nM), and a southern zone showing low Fed concentrations (less than 1 nM) due to biological uptake. Two types of vertical profiles were observed: (1) the typical nutrient-like distribution (with low concentrations at the surface and subsequent increase with depth) in the southern zone, and (2) mixed distribution (surface enrichment, decrease at subsurface level, and increase with depth) in the northern zone. The northern profile was 23.5 times more enriched than the adjacent Northeastern Pacific. Results indicate that Fed distribution in the surface layer of the central Gulf of California is controlled by complex interactions involving atmospheric input, biological uptake, and in situ removal-remineralization of particles, coupled with physical transport and vertical mixing.  Se realizo un estudio en la region central del Golfo de California (GC) para conocer los aportes de hierro atmosferico particulado (Fep) y los factores fisicos, quimicos y biologicos que afectan la concentracion y distribucion de hierro disuelto (Fed) en los 200 m superficiales del golfo. Los flujos atmosfericos de Fep (7.0 a 90.4 μmol m–2 d–1) fueron del mismo orden de magnitud que los reportados para el Mar Rojo (1.5 a 116 μmol m–2 d–1) y el Oceano Pacifico nororiental (24 μmol m–2 d–1) y mas altos que los registrados para el Mar Mediterraneo noroccidental (0.25–0.49 μmol m–2 d–1). En la capa superficial del GC se identifican tres regiones caracteristicas: la nortena, de alta concentracion, muestra un enriquecimiento superficial (5.57–7.21 nM) por el predominio del aporte atmosferico; la central, con la mas baja concentracion, presenta un efecto de la mezcla vertical que diluye las concentraciones superficiales de Fed (0.07–0.59 nM); y la region sur presenta una zona de concentraciones intermedias-bajas (menor a 1 nM) producto del predominio de la captacion biologica. Se presentan dos tipos de perfiles verticales: (1) los tipicos de la region surena con menor concentracion en la superficie, y un subsecuente incremento con la profundidad producto de la remineralizacion de la materia organica y (2) los perfiles mixtos de la region norte, enriquecidos en la superficie, que disminuyen a nivel subsuperficial y aumentan con la profundidad. Estos perfiles nortenos estan enriquecidos (hasta 23.5 veces) en relacion con el Pacifico Nororiental adyacente. Los resultados de este estudio indican que la distribucion de Fed en la capa superficial del Golfo de California es gobernada por un complicado balance entre el aporte atmosferico superficial, la captacion biologica, la remocion-remineralizacion de particulas in situ, el transporte y la mezcla.

Atmospheric input and concentration of dissolved iron in the surface layer of the Gulf of California