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The toxicity produced by fuel pollutants was evaluated through bioassays using the Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis. Juveniles were exposed for 21 days to different dilutions obtained by mixing fuel extracted from the Prestige oil tanker and sediment from a clean area of Cadiz Bay. After the exposure period, three biomarkers were analyzed (7-ethoxyresorufin-Odeethylase [EROD], glutathione S-transferase [GST], and glutathione reductase [GR] enzymatic activity), as well as the histopathology of two of the main target organs (gills and liver). Significant (P < 0.05) biomarker inductions were observed in the exposed fish analyzed on day 21 relative to the control group (day zero). Lesions were detected in both organs studied, but the liver was the most affected. The frequency of appearance of the lesions was greater in the samples containing higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. The results showed significant correlations between the total PAH concentrations and GST, GR, and EROD enzymatic activity, with correlation coefficients of R = 0.96 for GST, R = 0.82 for GR, and R = 0.60 for EROD.  Se evaluo la toxicidad que producen los contaminantes presentes en un fuel mediante un bioensayo con el pez plano Solea senegalensis (lenguado). Se expusieron juveniles de esta especie durante 21 dias a distintas diluciones realizadas mezclando fuel extraido del buque Prestige y un sedimento procedente de una zona limpia de la Bahia de Cadiz. Tras la exposicion se analizaron tres biomarcadores de exposicion (actividad enzimatica de 7-etoxiresorufin-O-deetilasa [EROD], glutation S-transferasa [GST] y glutation reductasa [GR]) junto a la histopatologia de dos de los principales organos diana (branquias e higado). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron inducciones significativas (P < 0.05) en los biomarcadores de exposicion analizados en los peces el dia 21 respecto del control del dia 0 en los peces. Asimismo, se detectaron lesiones en los dos organos estudiados. El organo mas afectado fue el higado. La frecuencia de aparicion de lesiones fue mayor en las muestras con mayores concentraciones de hidrocarburos aromaticos policiclicos (PAHs, por sus siglas en ingles) y metales. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo mostraron correlaciones significativas entre las concentraciones de PAHs totales y la actividad enzimatica EROD, GST y GR, obteniendose coeficientes de correlacion de R = 0.60 para EROD, R = 0.96 para GST y R = 0.82 para GR. Palabras clave: bioensayo, biomarcadores, ecotoxicologia, fuel, lenguado, sedimento.

Evaluation of the toxicity of an oil spill conducted through bioassays using the fish Solea senegalensis