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The trial of Maurice Papon in the assize court of Bordeaux over the winter of 1997–98 was noteworthy for several reasons. In the first place, the crimes for which he was charged had been committed more than half a century before the trial began. None of the three judges and only one of the nine jurors had even been born at the time the crimes occurred. To assist the jurors to understand the circumstances surrounding the case, therefore, the state prosecutor as well as Papon’s defence team were permitted to call upon a number of leading historians to describe the circumstances surrounding the events in question. This was a historic trial in more ways than one. A second feature of the trial arose out of the nature of the charges. Papon, an official of the wartime Vichy regime, was charged with crimes against humanity for ordering the arrest and detention of nearly 1,600 Jews in Bordeaux where he was posted and their transfer to the transit camp at Drancy, north of Paris, from where they were deported to Auschwitz. He was thus charged not with one crime but with hundreds of crimes committed between June 1942 and May 1944. The acte d’accusation, a document of over a hundred pages, required two days of court time to read out, and between 8 October 1997 when the trial began and 2 April 1998 when the verdict was announced, 133 witnesses, dozens of depositions, and fifty thousand pages of documents were produced in court. This made it the longest and probably also the most expensive trial in French history. It was also one of the most widely publicised. Every national newspaper and television channel provided regular coverage, and by the close Papon, Jean-Marc Varaut, Papon’s chief counsel, Arno Klarsfeld, counsel for the children of the victims, and Jean-Louis Castagnède, the presiding judge, had become familiar names in France. A third feature of the trial was the status of the accused. This was not the first time a Vichy official had faced trial in France. Contrary to a still-popular myth that France has never faced up to its wartime record but preferred to sweep its crimes under the carpet, in the seven years after the Liberation

The trial of Maurice Papon for crimes against humanity and the concept of bureaucratic crime