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Silica-modified polyaniline (SM-PANI) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by oxidative polymerization. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were grown on top of SM-PANI thin films by chemical bath deposition using zinc sulphate and varying concentrations of ammonium hydroxide. SM-PANI and ZnO nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images revealed surface morphology of the nanostructures: SM-PANI forming rod-like nanostructures, and ZnO forming sea-urchin-like nanostructures grown on top of SM-PANI. Characterization results also revealed that ammonium hydroxide concentration can modify ZnO nanostructures grown on top of SM-PANI. For 1M concentration, hexagonal rod-like SM-PANI and sea-urchin-like ZnO nanostructures were present; for 3M concentration, flake-like ZnO nanostructures were grown with deformed rod-like SM-PANI. This mechanism can be explained via competition between growth of SM-PANI and ZnO nanostructures, and etching process during the chemical bath deposition of ZnO at different concentrations of ammonium hydroxide.

Growth Mechanisms of Silica-Modified Polyaniline and Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Glass Substrates