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Background  Cancer care in Alberta, Canada is publicly funded and provides patients with access to health care facilities and providers. The distribution of patients and health services across Alberta presents challenges to the delivery of cancer care, especially radiation therapy. In this study, we examined the association between patient and health system factors, the use of radiation therapy and survival outcomes in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).    Patients and methods  The provincial cancer registry was used to identify all patients who presented with clinical stage III NSCLC, diagnosed from 2005 to 2007, in Alberta. Patient characteristics, diagnostic method, treatment modality and treatment outcomes were collected from provincial health information systems for analyses. Factors influencing overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.    Results  Nine hundred twenty-nine patients were identified. Sixty-two percent of patients received radiation therapy (RT) as part of their initial cancer treatment and had a median OS of 1.04 vs. 0.34 years with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.54. On multivariable analysis, patients who were less likely to receive any therapy were older, had higher comorbidity scores and were registered in community cancer centers without radiation therapy infrastructure. Patients registered in tertiary cancer centers had a higher likelihood of accessing multimodality treatment than patients in community centers, with a statistical significance of P<0.001 after correcting for age, gender, histology, substage, and comorbidity.    Interpretation  Improving access to radiotherapy treatment for patients presenting to non-radiation therapy centers at diagnosis has the potential to decrease variations in cancer care and improve cancer control outcomes in clinical stage III NSCLC.

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Factors Associated With the Use of Radiation Therapy in Patients With Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Alberta, Canada: A Population-based Study