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Osteoporosis is a common condition prevalent in both sexes that can be primary and secondary. Secondary osteoporosis may occur in cancer patients undergoing antihormonal treatment, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with prostate cancer and aromatase inhibitors (AI) in patients with breast cancer can drastically increase the risk of osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates are one of the key medications in managing these patients and are widely prescribed. A monoclonal antibody called denosumab, which is a relatively new treatment option, is also used in this population group. To conduct a detailed comparison of these groups, we performed a thorough literature search using Pubmed and Google Scholar to extract data in the form of research papers/clinical trials. A total of 18 research papers were extracted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and other inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven of these papers were based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing denosumab with either placebo or bisphosphonates in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer. Two meta-analyses comparing the safety and efficacy of both these drugs in this population group were also included. Denosumab was found to significantly increase bone mineral density (BMD) for up to two years and showed better results than bisphosphonates, while both had a comparable safety profile. More trials should be conducted in patients with prostate cancer or breast cancer on ADT or AI therapy, respectively, for longer durations to assess the long-term safety of these drugs in this population.

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Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Denosumab with Bisphosphonates in Increasing Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Prostate Cancer and Breast Cancer on Antihormonal Treatment