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Oocyte retrieval is an invasive procedure for patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Complications regarding oocyte retrieval are rare; however, once they occur, patients often require hospitalization and, could in some cases, lead to life-threatening situations.  We report a case of severe hemoperitoneum due to ovarian hemorrhage after oocyte retrieval. A 39-year-old patient wanted to have a second child and received ART treatment because of severe male infertility. Oocyte aspiration was performed under intravenous anesthesia with propofol and pentazocine. She suddenly coughed and violently moved her body while the puncture needle was inside the ovary. After increasing the propofol dose, the coughing subsided and oocyte retrieval continued. Five hours following oocyte retrieval, she revisited the clinic with severe abdominal pain. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed echogenic findings in the Douglas’ pouch; 300 mL of blood was aspirated by puncture of the Douglas pouch. She was transferred to our hospital because of suspected severe hemoperitoneum. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed hematoma formation in the right ovary with a small amount of extravasation. Laparoscopic surgery revealed extensive hemoperitoneum due to right ovarian hemorrhage. The right ovary was enlarged to the size of a fist and contained a clot; the bleeding was due to a tear in the cortex of the ovary. The partially torn ovarian tissue was excised; hemostasis was performed using a bipolar device. The body movement caused by violent coughing during oocyte retrieval may have led to increased laceration at the ovarian puncture site.  Although cough during general anesthesia using propofol and pentazocine is very rare, physicians and staff should be aware of the high risk of intra-abdominal hemorrhage when such complications occur.

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Severe Hemoperitoneum After Oocyte Retrieval Due to Ovarian Hemorrhage Possibly Caused by Violent Cough Under General Anesthesia With Propofol and Pentazocine: A Case Report and Literature Review