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We herein report an extremely rare case of acute respiratory failure due to pica of the high-molecular-weight polymers in a diaper (HMWPD).  An 81-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea. Several hours earlier, the facility staff saw her tearing the diaper and eating it. And several hours later, the staff found her complaining of dyspnea. Her chest computed tomography revealed airway foreign bodies. Immediately, flexible bronchoscopy was performed. The trachea and the bilateral bronchi were filled with the HMWPD. We tried to grasp the HMWPD with various common instruments, but the HMWPD could not be grasped. Finally, we performed direct bronchoscopic suction. All the HMWPD were removed successfully. The HMWPD have hygroscopic property resulting in volume expansion and the fatal consequence of upper airway obstruction.  Physicians working in an emergency department should be aware of this acute respiratory failure due to diaper pica and its effective treatment.

A Novel Type of Aspiration Presenting With Acute Respiratory Failure Caused by Upper Airway Obstruction Due to Diaper Pica