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Background  Premixed insulin and basal insulin plus short-acting insulin regimens may be of value for treating individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who are fasting during Ramadan due to simplicity and better compliance. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of human premixed insulin to basal plus short-acting insulin regimens in the management of fasting individuals with T2DM during Ramadan.  Methods  We conducted a prospective observational study in Basrah (southern Iraq) on 30 individuals with T2DM who fast during Ramadan. The enrolled patients were assigned into two groups at random: one group received a human premixed insulin regimen, the other received a basal plus short-acting insulin regimen. A baseline clinical and biochemical analysis was gathered for all patients at recruitment two weeks before fasting and within four weeks after the end of fasting. Patients were assessed twice during fasting month for insulin dose adjustment and documentation for any hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.  Results  Fourteen patients were assigned to the premixed group, and 16 patients were assigned to the basal plus short-acting insulin group. The mean patient age was 53 ± 8 years, and the mean T2DM duration was 9.3 ± 4.2 years. The two groups were matched by age, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). There was no significant difference between the initial and final mean HbA1c in both groups. However, there was more non-significant HbA1c reduction in the premixed group as compared to the basal plus short-acting insulin group. The number of hypoglycemic events and weight changes among the two groups was not significant.  Conclusions  Both human premixed and basal plus short-acting insulin regimens are equally useful for glycemic control for patients with T2DM who choose to fast in observance of the month-long holiday of Ramadan.

Comparison of Human Premixed and Basal Plus Short-Acting Insulin Regimens for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes During Ramadan Fasting