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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a challenge in modern-day medical practice. The pace at which microbes are becoming resistant to antibiotics is greater than the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. There is a need to study these antimicrobial patterns and, for this purpose, antibiograms should be developed at the levels of wards and hospitals and studied to guide us better on how to choose suitable empirical therapy for our patients.  Methods and materials  A total of 286 reports were studied, which contained the culture and sensitivity data of all the patients admitted under the care of Surgical Unit-1 in Lahore General Hospital between April 1, 2019, and October 31, 2019. All the samples for culture and sensitivity were sent to the in-house laboratory of the hospital where the reporting was done by the pathology department. They were inoculated and then intubated, and gram staining was performed. Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility were measured by the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory standards institute (CSLI) guidelines.  Results  The most common isolated organism was  Escherichia coli ​ ( E. coli)  in 65 (24%) patients, the next most common was  Acinetobacter   species  in 62 (23%), followed by  Pseudomonas species  52(19%),  Klebsiella species  32 (13%),  Staphylococcus aureus  30 (11%),  Coagulase-negative Staphylococci  20 (7%),  Enterobacter species  (2%), and  Citrobacter species  (1%). The antimicrobial susceptibility of  E. coli  was highest for aminoglycosides and carbapenems like amikacin (78%), meropenem (71%), and imipenem (63%).  Acinetobacter  was most sensitive to colistin (100%), amikacin (31%), meropenem (21%), and cefoperazone + sulbactam (21%).  Pseudomonas  was also most sensitive to colistin (93%) and after that amikacin (52%), meropenem (52%), and imipenem (44%).  Klebsiella  was most sensitive to colistin (86%), imipenem (60%), and aminoglycosides (50%). Among gram-positive organisms,  Staphylococcus aureus  was sensitive to linezolid (100%) and vancomycin (100%).  Conclusion  The vast majority of isolated organisms in this study were gram-negative bacteria, and most were showing high antimicrobial resistance. The antibiograms should be developed and regularly updated at every ward and hospital. There is a need to bring more awareness about the proper use of antimicrobials among healthcare workers, and antimicrobial stewardship programs can help in this matter.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: Review of the Antibiogram of a Surgical Unit in a Public Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan