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The views and opinions expressed or implied in this article are those of the author (or authors) and do not necessarily reflect the position of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Abstract—From late 2014 through 2017, fishery observers in the North Pacific Observer Program, National Marine Fisheries Service, were trained in the identification and sampling of skate egg cases to investigate the interactions between fisheries and skate nursery areas in the eastern Bering Sea. Trained observers identified and assessed 2887 egg cases in a wide range of fisheries across all gear types, with the majority of egg cases being encountered on vessels targeting deepwater species, such as the arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). A large proportion of the egg cases identified were reported on boats using bottom trawling gear, but an even greater proportion were reported on longliners. Egg cases identified represent 10 skate taxa. Over half (67%) of them were identified as Alaska skate (Bathyraja parmifera), and 19% were identified as either Aleutian skate (B. aleutica) or Bering skate (B. interrupta). More than 42% of all the egg cases assessed were viable (contained a living skate); over 50% of egg cases of Alaska skate and of egg cases encountered on longliners were viable. The highest concentrations of egg cases generally were reported near known skate nursery areas, particularly in the Bering, Pribilof, and Pervenets Canyons. Skates (Rajiformes) form an important and diverse component of the ichthyofauna in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). At least 12 species of skates are currently known to occur in the EBS (Stevenson et al., 2007), and the overall biomass of skates in this region is currently estimated at about 600,000 metric tons (Ormseth, 2017). On the EBS shelf, the skate fauna is dominated by the Alaska skate (Bathyraja parmifera), which accounts for over 90% of the skate biomass at depths <200 m (Stevenson et al., 2008). In the deeper waters of the EBS outer shelf and upper continental slope, skate diversity increases as other species, such as the Aleutian skate (B. aleutica), Bering skate1 (B. interrupta), mud skate (B. taranetzi), Commander skate (B. lindbergi), and whiteblotched skate (B. maculata), are encountered more frequently (Hoff, 2016). The continental slope of the EBS is an area of particularly high skate diversity,

Interactions between fisheries and early life stages of skates in nursery areas of the eastern Bering Sea