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The views and opinions expressed or implied in this article are those of the author (or authors) and do not necessarily reflect the position of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Abstract—Age-0 winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus; 20– 90 mm in total length [TL]) and summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus; 19–172 mm TL) were collected from the Seekonk and Taunton Rivers (in Rhode Island and Massachusetts, respectively) from May through September during 2009–2015, and stomach content analysis was used to assess diet composition and resource overlap for these species. Winter and summer flounder underwent ontogenetic dietary shifts. Winter flounder <40 mm TL predominantly fed on copepods, transitioning to amphipods, isopods, and bivalves with increasing size. Polychaetes also were consumed frequently by winter flounder, irrespective of size. The principal prey of summer flounder <60 mm TL were mysid shrimp and copepods, whereas sand shrimp (Crangon septemspinosa), amphipods, and fish were the dominant prey of larger conspecifics. There was minimal dietary overlap for the flounder species when comparisons were made independent of body size, indicating food niche segregation. For winter and summer flounder of equivalent sizes, however, dietary overlap was inversely related to TL. Moderate to high resource overlap occurred for small winter and summer flounder (<40 mm TL) and was attributed to their mutual reliance on copepods and amphipods. Despite evidence of dietary overlap, it is unlikely that shared prey resources were diminished enough to negatively affect either flounder species. The winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) is a pleuronectid flatfish that inhabits northwest and mid-Atlantic waters from Nova Scotia southward to Maryland (Pereira et al., 1999). Winter flounder have traditionally supported valuable commercial and recreational fisheries within this geographic range, and, in the United States, this species is managed as 3 discrete stocks in the following areas: southern New England and Middle-Atlantic (SNE-MA), Gulf of Maine, and Georges Bank. There are ongoing concerns with respect to the SNE-MA stock complex because populations of winter flounder have decreased precipitously since the early 1980s and have not rebounded over the last 3 decades (NEFSC1,2). Although overexploitation was paramount in their initial population decline (NEFSC2), other hypotheses have been purported to explain the failed recovery of winter

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Feeding habits and dietary overlap of age-0 winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) in southern New England tidal rivers