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To improve the efficiencyof a commercial bottom trawl forcatching yellowtail flounder (Limandaferruginea), we studied the behaviorof individuals in the middleof the trawl mouth. Observationswere conducted with a high-definitioncamera attached at the centerof the headline of a trawl, during thebrightest time of day in June 2010off eastern Newfoundland. Behavioralresponses were quantified and analyzedto evaluate predictions relatedto fish behavior, orientation, andcapture. Individuals showed 3 differentinitial responses independent offish size, gait, and fish density: theyswam close to (75%), were herdedaway from (19%), or moved verticallyaway from (6%) the seabed. Individualsprimarily swam in the directionof initial orientation. No fish wereoriented against the trawling direction.Fish in the center of the trawlmouth tended to swim along the bottomin the trawling direction. Onlyindividuals that were stimulated toleave the bottom were caught. Individualsin peripheral locations withinthe trawl mouth more often swaminward and upward. Fish that swaminward were twice as likely to becaught. Fish size, gait, and fish densitydid not influence the probabilityof capture. A trawl that stimulatesyellowtail flounder to orient inwardand leave the bottom would increasethe efficiency of a trawl

Behavior-dependent selectivity of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) in the mouth of a commercial bottom trawl