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The progressive aridification of the Australian continent during the last 30 million years has considerably reduced the amount of habitat suited to broad-leaved vegetation. The fossil record suggests that much diversity has been lost in that period, and that the extreme climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary stressed the remaining refugial areas even further. Yet, despite the considerable transformation of the surrounding environment, the rainforest remnants scattered along the east coast still contain considerable levels of biodiversity and endemism. This complex matrix of remnants reflects a long and varied history of selective pressures, and represents an ideal setting for evolutionary studies. Although the conservatism of some rainforest lineages points to localised environmental stability, it also highlights the importance of adaptive potential and selective tolerance. A number of recent case studies show that the tension between persistence and dispersal (often in combination with other factors) is an important mechanism contributing to the survival and distribution of rainforest species. This paper discusses the benefits of linking molecular, ecological and environmental data to improve both interpretations and hypotheses of current (neo) and past (paleo) distributions and relationships among rainforest plants, and how this information can be used to improve conservation and management approaches. Understanding how species and communities have survived past environmental change will be a critical step in predicting likely responses to future threats. A selection of integrative research topics that are likely to increase our predictive capacity for future change are outlined.

telopea

From populations to communities: understanding changes in rainforest diversity through the integration of molecular, ecological and environmental data.