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Within Poales, the clade (Poaceae, Ecdeiocoleaceae, Joinvilleaceae) has previously received robust support from DNA sequence data from a range of genes. However, the question of which family (or set of families) is the sister group of Poaceae has not been answered with any degree of confidence, to date. Using Ecdeiocolea monostachya as the only representative of its family, other researchers have found the clade to resolve (although mostly with low levels of support) as (Joinvillea (Ecdeiocolea, Poaceae)). We now provide matK and rbcL data for Georgeantha hexandra, the sole species in the other genus of Ecdeiocoleaceae, in addition to further sampling of other closely related Poales families. Analyses of our data support the alternative topology of (Ecdeiocoleaceae, Joinvilleaceae) as sister to Poaceae and also help to resolve the position of Flagellariaceae. Flagellaria groups with (Poaceae, Ecdeiocoleaceae, Joinvilleaceae) in a graminid clade that is sister to the restiid clade (Anarthriaceae, Restionaceae, Centrolepidaceae) in analyses of matK or matK + rbcL data. A high rate of base substitution has previously been noted in Poales; branch lengths in Ecdeiocoleaceae are comparable with those in Poaceae.

Ecdeiocoleaceae and Joinvilleaceae, sisters of Poaceae (Poales): evidence from rbcL and matK data