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749 Douglas, Andrew w: (Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141, Australia) 1996. Inflorescence and floral development of Carnarvonia (Proteaceae). Telopea 6(4): 749-774. Carnarvonia araliifolia is an endemic of north-east Queensland and the sole member of the subfamily Carnarvonioideae in Proteaceae. The inflorescence structure is atypical compared to the relatively simple racemiform architecture found in the other taxa of the family (including Grevilleoideae that has flower pairs). There is variability in numbers of flowers on a given axis, irregular branching of inflorescence axes, positions of flowers within an axillary module, numbers of flowers at a node on the principal axes, and the cauliflorous, axillary andlor terminal location of flowering regions on a branch. Carnarvonia has been hypothesized as having shared a common ancestor either with or within Grevilleoideae. Developmental evidence is examined to better define and elucidate the morphogenetic processes involved in the complex architecture of the inflorescence and flowers including the fundamental units of construction within a metameric conceptual framework. Likewise, the developmental evidence is used to examine the hypotheses of morphological derivation of the inflorescence as inferred from phylogenetic hypotheses. The inflorescence structure is interpreted as a paniculiform-raceme although terminal flowers are present on axillary inflorescence branches. There is variation within the developmental programme of the first three metamers of a subunit or axillary inflorescence branch that differs from the variation present in other Proteaceae and an inflorescence branch can vary in the number of flowers that develop. In the terminal flowers of a module, the first tepal is initiated in a position that follows the phyllotactic continuity of each subunit (2/5), the first tepal being initiated in a predictable position based on the position of the preceding bract primordium. The carpel is initiated in a lateral position, closest to both the first initiated stamen and tepal, thus maintaining the phyllotactic continuity in the flower. The ontogenetic events involved in inflorescence development in Carnarvonia clarify its morphological organization and provide morphological evidence of the derivation of the inflorescence form from a single-flowered, perhaps racemiform, ancestor.