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- This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cone protective net and the variation of cone and seed characteristics of a unique and rare dwarf stone pine ( Pinus pumila Regel) population in Mt. Seorak which is in the southern peripheral of South Korea. Iron protective net (50 mesh, 25 × 25 cm) was effective in reducing birds and rodents damage to conelet, thereby it was possible to safely collect seed genetic resources. Early July was observed to be the most appropriate season to cover conelet with Iron protective net. P. pumila have ovoid-triangle shaped, wingless seeds and indehiscent cones, seeds dissemination is mainly by the hoarding behavior of nutcrackers and rodents. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences among individuals within population, and the mean characteristics of the species were 35.3 mm, 25.6 mm, 1.38, 6.6 g and 39.3 ea in the cone length, cone width, cone index, cone weight and in number of seeds per cone, respectively. Coefficients of variations in seed we ight and number of seeds per cone were relatively high (21.7%, 21.5%, respectively) compared to other traits. Based on the correlation analysis between cone characteristics and seed characteristics, the length of cone and seed showed a significan t positive correlation with the seed size and the seed weight, but the width and thickness of seed showed a negative correlation with the number of seeds per cone.

The Effect of Cone Protective Net and the Morphological Variation of Cone and Seed of Korea Rare Endemic Pinus pumila Regel