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Climate change has led to a decline in the health of corals and coral reefs around the world. Studies have shown that, while some corals can cope with natural and anthropogenic stressors either through resistance mechanisms of coral hosts or through sustainable relationships with  Symbiodinium  clades or types, many coral species cannot. Here, we show that the corals present in a reef in southern Taiwan, and exposed to long-term elevated seawater temperatures due to the presence of a nuclear power plant outlet (NPP OL), are unique in terms of species and associated  Symbiodinium  types. At shallow depths (<3 m), eleven coral genera elsewhere in Kenting predominantly found with  Symbiodinium  types C1 and C3 (stress sensitive) were instead hosting  Symbiodinium  type D1a (stress tolerant) or a mixture of  Symbiodinium  type C1/C3/C21a/C15 and  Symbiodinium  type D1a. Of the 16 coral genera that dominate the local reefs, two that are apparently unable to associate with  Symbiodinium  type D1a are not present at NPP OL at depths of <3 m. Two other genera present at NPP OL and other locations host a specific type of  Symbiodinium  type C15. These data imply that coral assemblages may have the capacity to maintain their presence at the generic level against long-term disturbances such as elevated seawater temperatures by acclimatization through successful association with a stress-tolerant  Symbiodinium  over time. However, at the community level it comes at the cost of some coral genera being lost, suggesting that species unable to associate with a stress-tolerant  Symbiodinium  are likely to become extinct locally and unfavorable shifts in coral communities are likely to occur under the impact of climate change.

peerj

Can resistant coral-<i>Symbiodinium</i>associations enable coral communities to survive climate change? A study of a site exposed to long-term hot water input

Can resistant coral-Symbiodiniumassociations enable coral communities to survive climate change? A study of a site exposed to long-term hot water input