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Malaria is a disease with debilitating health and negative economic impacts in regions at high risk of infection. Parasitic resistance and side effects of current antimalarial drugs are major setbacks to the successful campaigns that have reduced malaria incidence by 40% in the last decade. The parasite’s dependence on glycolysis for energy requirements makes pathway enzymes suitable targets for drug development. Specifically, triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) from Plasmodium falciparum (pTPI) and human (hTPI) cells show striking structural features that can be used in development of new antimalarial agents. In this study MD simulations were used to characterize binding sites on hTPI and pTPI interactions with sulfonamides. The molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM–PBSA) method was used to estimate the interaction energies of four sulfonamide-TPI docked complexes. A unique combination of key residues at the dimer interface of pTPI is responsible for the observed selective affinity to pTPI compared to hTPI. The representative sulfonamide; 4-amino-N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3fluorbenzenesulfonamide (sulfaE) shows a strong affinity with pTPI (dimer interface, −42.91 kJ/mol and active site region, −71.62 kJ/mol), hTPI (dimer interface, −41.32 kJ/mol and active site region, −84.40 kJ/mol). Strong and favorable Van der Waals interactions and increases in non-polar solvation energies explain the difference in affinity between pTPI with sulfaE compared to hTPI at the dimer interface. This is an indication that the dimer interface of TPI glycolytic enzyme is vital for development of sulfonamide based antimalarial drugs. Subjects Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Biophysical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry (other), Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Molecular and Collisional Dynamics

Molecular dynamics simulations of the interactions between triose phosphate isomerase and sulfonamides