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Studies on black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Oriental Region are reviewed. The history of taxonomic studies is briefly traced; revision of supraspecific taxa (genera, subgenera and species groups) is outlined; faunal characteristics such as poverty in suprageneric taxa, richness in species number and high diversity in phylogenetic lineages (in terms of the number of the subgenera and species groups) are highlighted; changes of the number of filaments and extent of inflation of the pupal gills from plesiomorphic to apomorphic character states are speculated in relation to speciation in certain lineages; and several novel morphological characters are illustrated; diverse geographical distribution patterns in phylogenetic lineages are categorized; and three black fly species are noted for their natural infections with zoonotic filariae in Thailand. Finally, current taxonomic problems are discussed.

The Simuliidae (Diptera) in the Oriental Region: Classification, morphological characters, geographical distributions, and transmission of filariae