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Laboratory experiments were carried out on the e#ects of salinity and temperature on larval development of Culex inatomii, and the oviposition and blood-feeding activity of emerging females during the cool season. Hatchability, survival rate of larvae, and developmental period from hatch to adult emergence were examined in water containing 0 to 1.6sNaCl. The highest hatching rate (0.91) and pupation rate (0.91) was observed when eggs and larvae were reared in water with 0.6s NaCl. Developmental period from hatch to adult emergence for females was about 12 days within a salinity range of 0 to 1.0s, and larval development was delayed at higher salinities from 1.2 to 1.6s. Development and survival of hatched larvae were examined under 6 di#erent air temperatures between 18t and 29t, and the results indicated an optimum air temperature for larval survival of approximately 25t. The relationship between air temperature and developmental rate of Cx. inatomii larvae was analyzed by the linear regression method, and threshold air temperature for larval development was 8.75t and 9.51t for females and males. Cohorts of young larvae were reared in the laboratory without temperature control to examine development to adult and reproduction of emerging adults during the cool season. The results of exposure experiments in October-November and early March showed a low adult emergence rate of 0.01 to 0.14 and no egg production. The females oviposited when they were reared under changing temperatures in midMarch and April during the larval stage. Fifty-five to 88s of emerging females laid eggs autogenously, and 41s of the females took more than two blood meals during their life.

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Experimental studies on the ecology of Culex inatomii (Diptera: Culicidae): Effects of salinity and temperature on larval development and reproduction of populations during the cool season.