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The ecology of the unfed larval trombiculid mite of Loptotrombidium pallidum infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi was studied in an endemic area, in northern Kyoto, Japan. Surveys were conducted in seven detailed study areas of a rice field heavily infested with O, tsutsugamushi, once every spring and autumn during the years 1997 through 2001. A total of 5,295 unfed larvae frem 4 genera and 7 species were collected frorn soil samples. The dominant species was L. intermedium (61.1%), followed by L. Pallidum (34.5%). O. tsutsugamushi was detected in only 2 species, L. pallidum and L. intermedium, and the infection rates were 15.6% (28511,826) and O.1% (313,237), respectively. The main vector species of O, tsutsugamushi to humans and field rodents in the study area is considered to be L. patlidum. Serotypes of O, tsutsugnmushi in L, pallidum and L, intennedium were determined as Gilliamand Karp-type rickettsiae, respectively. The locations of infective spots composed of infected unfed larval L. paltidum were patchily distributed in each detailed study area. One to l8 infected unfed larvae were identified in each infective spot. The numbers of infected mites in these spots reflect the infection risk of tsutsugarnushi disease for humans exposed to infected unfed larvae in an infective spot. The location of infective spots was changeable, and the nurnbers of spots gradually decreased year by year. In each of the seven detailed study areas, infection rates of L. pallidum frorn the spring of 1997 to the spring of 1999 varied from 11.0% to 26,4%. However, both the infection rate and the nurnber of infected larvae gradually decreased from the auturnn of 1999, and no infected larvae were collected in the spring of 2001. These data could iead to a possible explanation of the process whereby an endemic area gradually disappears, and also an uncontaminated area could be converted to infective' spots.

eisei doubutsu/eisei dobutsu

Distributions of infective spots composed of unfed larvae infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi in Leptotrombidium mites and their annual fluctuations on the soil surface in an endemic area of tsutsugamushi disease (Acari : Trombiculidae)