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Purpose: Combining blood flow restriction (BFR) with resistance-type exercise can stimulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Recent observations in an animal model suggest that BFR performed without exercise can also induce anabolic effects. We assessed the impact of BFR performed both with and without low-load resistance-type exercise (LLRE) on in vivo myofi­ brillar protein synthesis rates in young men. Methods: Twenty healthy young men (age: 24±1 y, BMI: 22.9±0.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to remain in resting condition (REST+/-BFR; n=10), or to perform LLRE (LLRE+/-BFR at 20%1RM on a leg press and leg extension machine; n=10), combined with two 5-min cycles of single leg BFR, with 5 minutes of cuff deflation between the cycles. Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were assessed in a fasted state during a 5-h post-BFR period by combining a primed continuous L­ [ring-13C6]phenylalanine infusion with the collection of blood samples, and muscle biopsies from the BFR leg and the con­ tralateral control leg. Phosphorylation status of anabolic signaling (mTOR pathway; mTOR, p70S6K, RS6 and 4E-BP1) and metabolic stress (ACC) related proteins, as well as mRNA expression of genes associated with skeletal muscle mass regula­ tion (mTOR, p70S6K, MuRF1 and MAFbx) were assessed in the collected muscle samples. Results: Under resting conditions, no differences in anabolic signaling or myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were observed between REST+BFR and REST (0.044±0.004 vs 0.043±0.004 %/h, respectively; P=0.683). In contrast, LLRE+BFR in­ creased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates by 10±5% compared with LLRE (0.048±0.005 vs 0.043±0.004 %/h, respectively; P=0.042). Furthermore, compared with LLRE, LLRE+BFR showed higher phosphorylation status of ACC and 4E-BP1, as well as elevated mRNA expression of MuRF1 (all P<0.05). Conclusion: BFR does not increase myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in healthy young men under resting conditions. When combined with low-load resistance-type exercise, BFR increases post-exercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in vivo in humans.

Blood flow restriction combined with low-load resistance-type exercise increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in young men