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Striatum, an input part of basal ganglia, is involved in motor control. Its operation is based on connectivity with cerebral cortex by means of a cortico-basal ganglia loop; i.e. the striatum receives monosynaptic cortical inputs and sends multisynaptic outputs back to the cortex. In rodents the striatum is divided into dorsolateral (DLS), dorsomedial (DMS) and ventral striatum (VS). DLS is known as sensorimotor striatum because the DLS, but not DMS nor VS, receives exclusive inputs from sensorimotor cortex and at a behavioral level DLS lesions impair movement (Yin, J Neurosci., 2010). However, several pieces of evidence suggest the involvement of DMS and VS in action control, demonstrating that DMS is crucial for goal-directed action (Yin et al., Eur J Neurosci., 2005) and a class of interneurons in VS plays a causal role in approaching a novel stimulus (Aoki et al., J Neurosci., 2015). Those findings raise a possibility for the presence of output connections from DMS and VS to the motor cortex despite an absence of inputs. We asked whether DMS and VS have outputs to the motor cortex using a retrograde transneuronal tracer, rabies virus.

Unraveling anatomical pathways from striatum to motor cortex - Novel implications in motor control -