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Primary school gardens are areas where children spend extracurricular time. The gardens are influential on children's physical, social and academic development. School gardens should be designed according to the needs of the students from different age groups. During the design process of school gardens, the standards defined in the context of hierarchical space fiction are ignored. This leads to spatial inadequacies in school gardens and also affects students’ behavior. Thus, it is necessary to examine the behavior of the students as well as the spatial setting of the schools. The purpose of this study is to perform spatial-functional analysis and school gardens and to create behavioral maps based on student’s use of the school garden. The study was carried out in five primary schools, selected from various regions (city center, arear close to the city center, residential area, newly developed residential area and rural character areas) in Trabzon. First, the spatial situation was analyzed according to the areas and spatial units table. Secondly, a behavioral map was created for each selected school by the location-based behavior mapping method. Then, a spatial and functional study of the tendencies of children to use the school garden, and the activities they perform are analyzed. As a result; this work is an attempt to reveal the necessity of a comprehensive planning and design for the school gardens through student behaviors. It is found that spatial standards are not met in the city center and nearby schools, which limits the behavior of students. In primary school there are no defined areas or guiding spaces for passive and play activities for students. Especially in schools that are below spatial and functional standards, behaviors such as peer bullying, adversely affect the development of the students, have been observed. In primary school gardens, it is necessary to create spaces that allow students to organize, exhibit informal and creative behaviors. Oz Ilkokul bahceleri, cocuklarin ders disi zamanlarini gecirdikleri ve fiziksel, sosyal ve akademik gelisimleri uzerinde etkili olan alanlardir. Farkli yas gruplarindan ogrencilerin birlikte kullandigi okul bahceleri, cocuklarin ihtiyaclarina gore duzenlenmelidir. Okul bahceleri tasarlanirken okul yapisi ile iliskili, hiyerarsik mekan kurgusunu iceren standartlar tanimlanmis olsa da uygulamada bu olcutler gozardi edilmektedir. Bu durum okul bahcelerinde mekansal yetersizliklere yol acmakta ve ogrenci davranislari uzerinde de etkili olmaktadir. Bu nedenle bu alanlarda yapilacak calismalarda mekansal durum tespitinin yanisira ogrenci davranislarinin incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu calismanin amaci; ilkokul ogrencilerinin okul bahcelerini kullanimina yonelik davranis haritalarinin olusturulmasi ve bu davranis haritalari ile okul bahcelerinin mekansal-islevsel analizinin yapilmasidir. Calisma Trabzon kentinde farkli bolgelerden (kent merkezi, merkez yakin cevresi, konut alani, yeni gelisenkonut alani ve kirsal karakterli alanlar) secilen 5 ilkokulda gerceklestirilmistir. Ilk olarak okul bahcelerinde bolgeler ve mekansal birimler ozelinde olusturulan tablo ile mekansal durum tespiti yapilmistir. Ikinci olarak, yer merkezli davranis haritalama yontemi ile secilen her bir okul icin davranis haritasi olusturulmustur. Ardindan cocuklarin okul bahcesinin kullanimina yonelik ne gibi egilimleri oldugu, ne tur aktiviteler yaptiklari mekan ve islev baglaminda analiz edilmistir. Sonuc olarak; bu calismayla okul bahcelerinde kapsamli bir duzenleme ve tasarimin gerekliligiogrenci davranislari uzerinden ortaya konulmaya calisilmistir. Kent merkezinde ve yakinindaki okullarda mekânsal standartlarin saglanmadigi ve bu durumun ogrencilerin davranis bicimlerini sinirlandirdigi saptanmistir. Ilkokullarda ogrenciler icin pasif ve oyun aktivitelerine yonelik tanimli alanlar ve yonlendirici mekânlar bulunmamaktadir. Ozellikle bahcenin mekânsal ve islevsel olarak standartlarin cok altinda oldugu okullardayapilan gozlemlerde ogrencilerin gelisimlerini olumsuz etkileyecek, akran zorbaligi gibi davranislar gozlemlenmistir. Ilkokul bahcelerinde ogrencilerin organize, informal veyaratici davranislar sergilemelerine olanak taniyan mekânlar olusturulmasi gerekmektedir.

tarih kültür ve sanat araştırmaları dergisi

İlkokul Bahçelerinde Davranış Haritaları Bağlamında Mekânsal ve İşlevsel Bir Analiz: Trabzon Örneği / A Spatial Functional Analysis in the Context of Behavioral Maps in Primary School Grounds: Case of Trabzon