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Traditional charms are a part of English orature; charms in literature are a part of English literature. This simple distinction does not, however, tell the whole story: charms, as is well known, are sometimes written down, rather than verbalized, in order to function as talismans; charms, no matter how traditionary, can feature motifs more commonly found in literature; and the transmission of charms may involve a written as well as an oral dimension (the most obvious example of this being the existence of spellbooks). On the other hand, charms in literature are not always purely literary: they may have a relationship with traditional verbal charms. At the very least, charms presumably existed in real life before they appeared in literature. This paper, which is not a full survey of charms in English literature, will examine some occurrences of supposed charms in literary texts and compare and contrast these items with the generic characteristics of the genuine article. For our first example, we can take the University play, Thersites, written in the in 1530s, probably by Nicholas Udall. This Interlude is a 917-line bit of knockabout which demonstrates “howe that the greatest boesters are not the greatest doers” by showing the comeuppance of the boaster, Thersites. And despite the classicizing names of the characters – Telemachus, Ulysses, and Thersites himself, the continued references to items of contemporary English popular culture throughout the work; e.g. at one stage Thersites says

English Orature, English Literature: the Case of Charms