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The present research aims at identifying emotional states induced in observers of hospital\udclown interventions utilizing a list of clown-specific ratings, the 29 Clown Emotion List\ud(CLEM-29, Auerbach et al. 2012a). Study 1 investigated whether hospital clowns elicit\udemotional states other than those already covered by scales representing existing models of\udemotional states. One hundred and nineteen adults watched videos of hospital clowns and\udcircus clowns. After each video, they completed a general mood scale, a humour-related\udmood scale, the CLEM-29, and indicated the global intensity of positive and negative feelings\udtowards each video. Results showed that emotional states elicited by hospital clowns go\udbeyond states represented in general mood scales. Some elements of the CLEM-29 relating to\udhumour and amusement overlapped with existing models of mood, but many other emotional\udqualities like “feeling connected to the clown” or feeling “appreciated” were not well\udrepresented. Some of the clown-specific ratings best predicted the positive experiences\udtowards the videos. In Study 2, 183 adults watched 15 videos of hospital clown interventions,\udcircus clown performances and nurse-patient interactions, and filled in the CLEM-29. Four\udfactors emerged from a factor analysis of the ratings: amusement, transcendence, arousal,\udand uneasiness. Both circus and hospital clowns elicited amusement, but only the hospital\udclowns additionally elicited feelings of transcendence (i.e., feeling privileged and\udappreciated). Nurses also elicited transcendent experiences without being amusing. This\udresearch shows that prior studies underestimated emotional states elicited by hospital clowns,\udwhich go beyond a typical humour response

An investigation of the emotions elicited by hospital clowns in comparison to circus clowns and nursing staff