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Numerous historical studies have been done regarding education in modern Japan from a great diversity of viewpoints. It is true that studies of educational systems and history of educational policies have made considerable progress. Still, there remains great room for improvement in terms of both quantity and quality for studies of everyday educational activities that actually took place in school or of actual school lives of “learners.” Then, what approaches are available to capture the history of the experiential world of the “learners”? Indeed, there are various difficulties related to historiographical theories. For instance, historical sources describing regular education in middle schools are in most cases not recorded as historical literature or they no longer exist. This paper is one approach to explore the history of the reality of “learners” in the Meiji era. Using the circumstances of illnesses in middle school students and withdrawals from school observed by Lafcadio Hearn, an English teacher in Japan, as a starting point, this study discusses the serious problems and fundamental issues in middle school education at the time.

educational studies in japan, international yearbook/educational studies in japan

The History of Actual School Lives and the Perspectives of "Learners" : Sickness of secondary students and their dropping out, in the age that Lafcadio Hearn observed