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The Curie temperature is one of the most fundamental physical properties offerromagnetic materials and can be described by Weiss molecular field theorywith the exchange interaction of neighboring atoms. Recently, theelectric-field-induced modulation of the Curie temperature has beendemonstrated in transition metals. This can be interpreted as indirect evidencefor the electrical modulation of exchange coupling. However, the scenario hasnot yet been experimentally verified. Here, we demonstrate the electricalcontrol of exchange coupling in cobalt film from direct magnetizationmeasurements. We find that the reduction in magnetization with temperature,which is caused by thermal spin wave excitation and scales with Bloch's law,clearly depends on the applied electric field. Furthermore, we confirm that thecorrelation between the electric-field-induced modulation of the Curietemperature and that of exchange coupling follows Weiss molecular field theory.

Microscopic origin of electric-field-induced modulation of Curie temperature in cobalt