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We have experimentally investigated the transitions of collective motions ofbacterial cells in a shallow circular pool using the bacterial species$Bacillus$ $subtilis$. In our previous paper, we reported that the collectivemotions were classified into six phases on a phase diagram with two parameters,namely, the reduced cell length $\lambda$ and the cell density $\rho$. In thisstudy, we focused on the sharp transitions at $\lambda\cong0.1$ ($\equiv\lambda_{\rm C1}$) with low values of $\rho$ between the $random$ $motion$phase and the $one$-$way$ $rotational$ $motion$ phase. By introducing the orderparameter $Q$ which measures the aligned cell motion along the circumferentialdirection of a pool, the transitions at $\lambda=\lambda_{\rm C1}$ were clearlycharacterized. On the basis of the detailed observations of single-celltrajectories in a pool, we verified that the effect of cell$-$noiseinteractions was widely distributed. We conclude that, even in such randomenvironment, the sharp transitions of collective motions were caused by thecell$-$cell interactions at $\lambda=\lambda_{\rm C1}$.

Cell$-$cell and Cell$-$noise Interactions of Bacterial Cells in a Shallow Circular Pool and Transitions of Collective Motions