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We report on the emergence of antiferromagnetic spin chains fromtwo-dimensionally aligned spins on the anisotropic triangular lattice (ATL) inthe insulating calcium rhenium oxychloride Ca3ReO5Cl2. The compound containsRe6+ ions each with one unpaired electron in the dxy orbital, which arearranged to form a spin-1/2 ATL with J'/J ~ 0.32 and J = 41 K, where J and J'are magnetic interactions in and between the chains, respectively. In spite ofthe apparent two dimensionality, we observe clear evidence of a gapless spinliquid that is characteristic of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain. Thisone-dimensionalization must be caused by geometrical frustration: growingantiferromagnetic correlations in every chain effectively cancel outinter-chain zigzag couplings at low temperature. Ca3ReO5Cl2 provides us with adetailed insight into the interesting physics of the ATL antiferromagnet,especially via comparison with the typical ATL compound Cs2CuCl4.

One-dimensionalization by Geometrical Frustration in the Anisotropic Triangular Lattice of the 5d Quantum Antiferromagnet Ca3ReO5Cl2