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We report the thermoelectric transport properties in the orbital-ordered Mottinsulating phase of Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ close to and far from equilibrium. Nearequilibrium conditions where the temperature gradient is only applied to thesample, an insulating but non-monotonic temperature variation of the Seebeckcoefficient is observed, which is accounted for in terms of atemperature-induced suppression of the orbital order. In non-equilibriumconditions where we have applied high electrical currents, we find that theSeebeck coefficient is anomalously increased in magnitude with increasingexternal current. The present result clearly demonstrates a non-thermal effectsince the heating simply causes a decrease of the Seebeck coefficient, implyinga non-trivial non-equilibrium effect such as a modification of the spin andorbital state in currents.

Anomalous Thermoelectric Response in an Orbital-Ordered Oxide Near and Far from Equilibrium